One obvious way of achieving this is to laden the imagery instructions with the performer’s physiological responses. For optimal benefits, imagery should be as physical an experience as possible. Rather than conceptualising imagery as something entirely different from physical practice, here imagery is seen as a physical process with measurable physiological outcomes. This is arguably the most important PETTLEP component. Table 1: the components of the PETTLEP model PETTLEP is an acronym, with each letter representing an important factor for practitioners to consider when implementing imagery interventions, as follows: Letter
This model is based on theory and research findings from sport psychology, cognitive psychology and neuroscience, and aims to provide practitioners with a set of practical guidelines to aid their imagery use. Realising the need for a theory and research-based model of imagery to help guide practitioners’ use of imagery, Holmes and Collins (2001) devised the PETTLEP model.
Given the piecemeal nature of the imagery literature, which has been published in many different sport psychology, mainstream psychology, cognitive psychology and neuroscience journals, it has not been easy in the past for applied sport psychology practitioners, coaches and athletes to piece all this together and make use of it in their work. Imagery is a key psychological skill, with an impressive array of published studies testifying to its efficacy in enhancing motor skill performance.
Please stay tuned to a follow-up article featuring the actual application of the technique with an athlete and how that sport psychologist employs the method – stay tuned.
#Two types of imagery in sport psychology series#
Podium Sports Journal has featured a series on the subject with attention given to some of the specific research results discussed in the series. Dr Dave Smith explores what we have learned about effective imagery use from a decade of research and applied practice utilising the PETTLEP model of imagery.
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